-Delile
I- ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi Ikhiqizwa ngokuqongelelwa kwezinto emazingeni athinta kabi ukusinda nokuthuthuka kwe- izidalwa eziphilayo. Ngamanye amagama, zingathinta impilo yezitshalo, izilwane ngisho nomuntu.
Ukungcola ubukhona bezinto ezinobungozi kunoma yimuphi umkhakha wezinto eziphilayo. Ukungcola kungaba kokuphilayo kanye nokungajwayelekile. Kukhona ngokwemvelo ubuningi bezinto ezingangcolisa kwezinye izimo, kepha ezingekho emhlabathini. Ngokwesibonelo, udoti wemvelo zezinto eziphilayo zingangcolisa umthombo wamanzi, kepha ubukhona bazo abungcolisi emhlabathini.
I- Izinto ezingcolisayo ziqala ukumunca futhi ziqoqwe uhlaza. Ngamanye amagama, zitholakala ekugxileni okuphezulu ezitshalweni kunasemhlabeni futhi ngaleyo ndlela zidliwe yizilwane noma ngabantu. Inqubo yokudlulisa izinto (okunomsoco nokungcolisayo) ngochungechunge lokudla ibizwa uchungechunge lokudla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto ezingcolisa inhlabathi nazo zingadlulela emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.
Njengamanje, imithombo eyinhloko yokungcola ihlotshaniswa nayo imisebenzi yezenhlalo nezomnotho lokho kukhiqiza ukungcolisa imfucuza. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi kunezinto ezingcolisayo zemvelo. Isibonelo, izinsimbi eziqukethwe ku- amadwala noma umlotha okhiqizwe yi- ukungcola kwentaba-mlilo. Azikho ohlwini lwezibonelo njengoba kungezona ezingcolisa umhlabathi eziyinhloko.
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zokungcola Kwedolobha
Ukungcola okuvela emvelweni kuyabizwa endogenous, futhi labo abavela emisebenzini yabantu bayabizwa exogenous noma i-anthropogenic.
Ukwenzeka kwento ngayinye kufayela le- ukungcoliswa kwenhlabathi kuya ngezici ezahlukahlukene:
- Uhlobo lwento: Izinga lokuhlushwa, izici zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zento, izinga layo lobuthi, izinga le-biodegradability nesikhathi sayo sokuhlala enhlabathini.
- Izici zesimo sezulu: Ezinye izinto ezinokubola okuncane ziyasheshisa ukonakala kwazo ngenkathi yemvula. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona komswakama nakho kuvumela ukudluliswa kokungcola okusuka enhlabathini kuye emanzini.
- Izici zenhlabathi: Inhlabathi engavikelekile kakhulu ekungcolisweni yilezo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinto eziphilayo kanye namaminerali obumba, ngoba avumela ukumuncwa kwe-ionic okusha izinto, kubangele ukubola kwako kwehluke ama-athomu. Futhi banenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezinekhono lokwehlisa isithunzi izinto ezingcolisayo.
Izinto ezingcolisa umhlabathi eziyinhloko
Izinsimbi ezisindayo: Zinobuthi ngisho nasezingxenyeni eziphansi. Lokhu kungcola kungenxa yokuchitheka kwezimboni nokulahlwa komhlaba.
Izilwanyana ezincane ze-Pathogenic: Ziyizinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo ezingavela ezinhlakeni ezinkulu zezilwane, ngokwesibonelo ezikhungweni zemfuyo, noma ezindaweni zokulahla udoti.
Ama-hydrocarbon: Yizinhlanganisela ezakhiwa yi-carbon ne-hydrogen athomu, akhona ku- Uphethiloli. Futhi ziqukethe i-nitrogen, i-oxygen nesibabule. Ukungcola kwe-Hydrocarbon kwenzeka ngenxa yokuchitheka kwezinto zokuthutha nokulayisha nokulayishwa kwemisebenzi, ukuvuza kwamapayipi noma izakhiwo zezimboni, izingozi.
Ukuchitheka kwe-hydrocarbon kuthinta ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, kwandise amandla ayo okugcina amanzi ungqimba olungaphezulu futhi ngalokho kuthinte amandla awo wamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hydrocarbon zehlisa i-pH yenhlabathi, ziyenze ibe ne-asidi ngakho-ke ingakulungeli kangako ukulinywa noma ukukhula kwezitshalo zasendle. Iphinde inyuse i-manganese, i-iron ne-phosphorus etholakalayo.
Bhekafuthi: Okungcolisayo Okuyinhloko Kwamanzi
Izibulala-zinambuzane: Yizinto ezisetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa, ukulwa noma ukuxosha izinambuzane. Zingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukugcina, ezokuthutha noma ukulungiswa kokudla. Uma zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuba khona kwezinambuzane, zibizwa ngokuthi ama-insecticide. Uma zisetshenziselwa ukugwema ukuba khona kwamakhambi angafuneki. Izibulala-zinambuzane zingcolisa inhlabathi lapho zisetshenziswa emasimini.
Ama-insecticide angaphezu kwama-98% afinyelela kwezinye izindawo ngaphandle kwalezo ezifunwayo. Kwenzeka okufanayo nangama-95% okubulala ukhula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthi umoya uhambisa izibulala-zinambuzane kwezinye izindawo, kungcolisi inhlabathi kuphela kepha futhi Amanzi nomoyaukungcoliswa komkhathi).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imishanguzo yokubulala ukhula imuncwa amakhambi okuthi, ngaphambi kokuba afe, angadliwa yizinyoni njengokudla. Ama-fungicides isigaba semithi yokubulala izinambuzane esetshenziselwa ukulwa amakhowe. Ziqukethe isibabule nethusi, okuyizinto ezingcolisayo.
Bhekafuthi: Okungcolisayo Komoya Okuyinhloko
UdotiImfucuza edalwe ukugxilwa emadolobheni okukhulu, kanye nangokuthi izimboni ezahlukene, zingenye yezinto ezingcolisa umhlaba. I- Udoti wemveloNgaphezu kokungcolisa inhlabathi, ikhiqiza amagesi anobuthi angcolisa umoya.
Ama-acid: Ama-asidi angcolisayo asenhlabathini avela ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yezimboni. I- ama-asidi Okukhiphayo kuyi-sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, acetic, citric ne-carbonic acid. Zingadala ukwenziwa usawoti kwenhlabathi, zivimbele ukukhula kwemifino.
Izimayini: Umthelela wezemayini kwezemvelo uthinta amanzi, umoya futhi ubhubhise nezwe ngenxa yokunyakaza okukhulu komhlaba okudingayo. Amanzi okusila (amanzi asetshenziselwa ukulahla imfucuza yezimayini) abeka imercury, i-arsenic, i-lead, i-cadmium, ithusi nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umhlaba.
Bangakukhonza:
- Ukungcola komoya okuyinhloko
- Izibonelo Zezinkinga Zemvelo
- Izibonelo Zokungcola Komhlabathi
- Izibonelo Zokungcola Kwamanzi
- Izibonelo Zokungcola Komoya
- Izibonelo Zokungcola Kwamadolobha
