-Delile
- Izici ezijwayelekile: umbala nephunga
- Wenziwa ngani umchamo?
- Wakhiwa kanjani umchamo?
- Ukuhlaziywa komchamo
I-umchamo Kunguketshezi olwakhiwe ngamanzi nezinto ezihlukaniswe ngumzimba, futhi olunemisebenzi exhumene nokuqedwa kwezinto ezingadingekile zomzimba, noma oluhambisana nokulawulwa kwe-electrolyte, umfutho wegazi kanye ne-acid-base balance. Umchamo ukhishwa izinso, ugcinwe esinyeni, uqedwe ngesikhathi uchama..
Izici ezijwayelekile: umbala nephunga
Phakathi kwezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zomchamo kungukuthi umbala, ehambisana nenani lamanzi akhona kuwo: ngenkathi umzimba odle amanzi amaningi uzoba nomchamo osobala ngokwengeziwe, emizimbeni enamanzi amaningi kujwayelekile ukuthi izinso zigcine amanzi emzimbeni, okwenza umchamo ube nombala ophuzi onamandla.
Ekugcineni umchamo ungaba nombala ongajwayelekile, ongaba ngenxa yezinkinga ezinobungozi (njengokudla kokudla okunemibala eqinile) noma ngenxa yezifo zesistimu. Lapho kuyinto ejwayelekile umchamo awunawo ukuhogela, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile ingaba nephunga elingajwayelekile: njengombala, kungaba ngenxa yezinkinga ezinobungozi noma ezincane, noma kwizifo ezingathi sína kakhulu.
Wenziwa ngani umchamo?
Umzimba uvame ukukhipha cishe ilitha elilodwa nengxenye lomchamo ngosuku. Le nombolo, noma kunjalo, ichazwa kahle uma ubheka ukwakheka komchamo:
Umchamo ongu-95% wakhiwa ngamanzi, kanti u-2% wakhiwa nosawoti bamaminerali (njengama-chloride, ama-phosphates, ama-sulfates, usawoti we-ammonia) kanye no-3% wezinto eziphilayo (urea, uric acid, hippuric acid, creatinine). Umchamo ungenye yemithombo emibili eyinhloko yokulahleka kwamanzi emzimbeni, kanye nokujuluka.
Wakhiwa kanjani umchamo?
Ukwakheka komchamo kuyinqubo equkethe izigaba ezintathu:
- Ukuhlunga: Igazi elithuthwa yi-arteriole ehambisanayo lifinyelela ku-glomerulus, futhi ama-plasma solutes adlula kuma-capillaries ngejubane elikhulu kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kwe-glomerulus, imfucumfucu ye-metabolic iyahlungwa, nezakhi zomzimba ezincane ezizolahlwa: ukudlula kwenani lamanzi kubangela ukwakheka kuketshezi, olubizwa nge-glomerular filtrate.
- Ukubuyiselwa kabusha kwe-Tubular: Uketshezi oluhlungiwe ludlulela kumashubhu wezinso, futhi lapho ezinye zezinto ziphinde zenziwe kabusha futhi zifakwe egazini futhi. Ezinye zezinto ezibuyiselwe emuva ngamanzi, i-sodium, i-glucose, i-phosphate, i-potassium, ama-amino acid ne-calcium.
- Ukukhishwa kwe-Tubular: Kusuka e-plasma yegazi kuya esikhaleni se-uriniferous, ingxenye enkulu yezinto zegazi iyathuthwa, kuyilapho imfucumfucu ikhiqizwa kusuka kuma-capillary we-tubular kuya ku-lumen of the tubule, endaweni eyi-distal.
Uma selwakhiwe, uketshezi lufinyelela kushubhu lokuqoqa lapho okuwukuphela kwento elingayifaka amanzi amancane, ngakho-ke akubhekwa njengesigaba esisodwa sokwakheka. Kodwa-ke, kuleyo ndawo lapho uketshezi luthola khona igama lomchamo, futhi luyiswe esinyeni somchamo, lapho luzogcinwa khona kuze kube yilapho kuvela khona umchamo.
Ukuhlaziywa komchamo
Ngenxa yezici zomchamo yilokho ukuhlaziywa okungenziwa ngokwakhiwa kwayo kuyasiza kakhulu- Ngepheshana elikhethekile lephepha, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngokushesha okuzokhombisa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini imikhiqizo engavamile emchameni, okuvame kakhulu ushukela, amaprotheni noma igazi.
Izifo ezifana i-cystitis, Isifo senhliziyo, noma ehlukile izifo zomchamo noma zezinso Zingatholakala ngalolu hlobo lokuhlaziya, olunokusebenza kokuthola ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile ekhishwa ngomchamo.
