Izibonelo ezingama-50 zamaMolekyuli - Encyclopedia

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Izibonelo zama-molecule
Izinhlobo zama-molecule
Ingakusiza

Ubizwa ngegama i-molecule ekuhlanganeni kwababili noma ngaphezulu ama-athomu ngokusebenzisa izibopho zamakhemikhali (zezinto ezifanayo noma ezihlukile), ukwakha isethi ezinzile. Isibonelo: i-molecule yamanzi yi-H₂0.

Ama-molecule akha isigaba esincane kakhulu se- a umuthi wamakhemikhali ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izakhiwo zabo ze-physico-chemical noma ukuchaza, futhi ngokuvamile abathathi hlangothi kagesi (ngaphandle kwe- ions, okungama-molecule anecala elikhanyayo noma elibi).

Ubudlelwano obusungulwe phakathi kwama-molecule ento bukhombisa isimo sayo somzimba: ukusondelana kakhulu, kuzoba yi okuqinile; ngokuhamba, kuzoba yi ketshezi; futhi ukusakazwa kabanzi ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele, kuzoba yi igesi.

Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo zama-athomu

Izibonelo zama-molecule

Amanzi: H₂0	ISucrose: C₁₂H₂₂NOMA₁₁
I-Hydrogen: H₂	Okusetshenzisiwe: C₃H₈NOMA
Oxygen: O₂	Isikhundla: C₃H₆NOMA
IMethane: CH₄	I-Para-aminobenzoic acid: C₇H₇Cha₂
Ikhlorini: Cl₂	Okuluhlaza: F₂
I-Hydrochloric acid: HCl	UButane: C₄H₁₀
I-Carbon dioxide: CO₂	I-Acetone: C₃H₆NOMA
I-Carbon monoxide: CO	I-Acetylsalicylic acid: C₉H₈NOMA₄
ILithium hydroxide: LiOH	I-Ethanoic acid: C₂H₄NOMA₂
Bromine: Br₂	Iselulosi: C₆H₁₀NOMA₅
Iodine: Mina₂	UDextrose: C₆H₁₂NOMA₆
I-Ammonium: NH₄	I-Trinitrotoluene: C₇H₅N₃NOMA₆
I-Sulfuric acid: H₂SW₄	URibose: C₅H₁₀NOMA₅
I-Propane: C₃H₈	I-Methanal: CH₂NOMA
I-sodium hydroxide: i-NaOH	I-nitrate yesiliva: AgNO₃
Isodium chloride: NaCl	I-cyanide yesodium: NaCN
Isulfure dioxide: SO₂	I-Hydrobromic acid: HBr
I-calcium sulfate: CaSO₄	IGalactose: C₆H₁₂NOMA₆
I-Ethanol: C.₂H₅Hawu	I-nitrous acid: HNO₂
I-Phosphoric acid: H₃PO₄	USilica: SiO₂
I-Fullerene: C₆₀	I-sodium thiopentate: C₁₁H₁₇N₂NOMA₂SNa
Ishukela: C₆H₁₂NOMA₆	I-Barbituric acid: C₄H₄N₂NOMA₃
I-Sodium acid sulfate: NaHSO₄	I-Urea: CO (NH₂)₂
IBoron trifluoride: BF₃	I-ammonium chloride: NH₂Cl
IChloroform: CHCl₃	I-Ammonia: NH₃

Izinhlobo zama-molecule

Ama-molecule angahlukaniswa ngokwakhiwa kwawo kwe-athomu, okungukuthi:

Ukuqonda. Yenziwe ngenombolo echaziwe nacacisiwe yama-athomu, kungaba ngezinto ezahlukahlukene noma ezinohlobo olufanayo. Ngokulandelayo, ihlukaniswa ngokwenani lama-athomu ahlukene ahlanganiswe nokwakheka kwawo, ku:

I-Monoatomic (uhlobo olufanayo lwe-athomu),
I-Diatomic (izinhlobo ezimbili),
I-Trichotomous (izinhlobo ezintathu),
I-Tetralogical (izinhlobo ezine) njalonjalo.

Ama-Macromolecule noma ama-polymers. Ama-Macromolecule ngamaketanga amakhulu wamangqamuzana enziwe ngezicucu ezilula ezihlanganiswe ndawonye ukwakha izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.

Imodeli yendabuko yama-molecule ikhonjiswa maqondana nokuqukethwe kwamanje kwe-athomu, kusetshenziswa izimpawu zethebula lezikhathi ukumela izinto ezithintekayo kanye nokubhaliselwe okuveza ubudlelwano bazo bezinombolo ngaphakathi kwe-molecule.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba ama-molecule eyizinto ezilinganayo, imodeli ebonakalayo ekhombisa ukwakheka hhayi nje ubuningi bezinto zayo ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqonda kwazo ngokuphelele.