Izibonelo ezingama-20 ze-Organic and Inorganic Nutrients - Encyclopedia

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Izinhlobo zezakhamzimba
Umehluko phakathi kwezakhamzimba nezakhi ezingaphili
Izibonelo zezakhamzimba
Izibonelo zezakhamzimba ezingaphili

I-izakhamzimba Ziyisethi yezinto nezinto ezingaphandle komzimba ezibalulekile emisebenzini yayo yokugcinwa: ukuthola amandla ezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zebhayoloji, ukuthola izinto zokukhula kwesakhiwo nokulungiswa kwezicubu, njll.

Ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zinto ezibalulekile azikho emzimbeni (noma azikwazi ukukhiqizwa ngokuzenzekelayo), kufanele ingeniswe noma isuswe emvelweni.

Endabeni yamaseli anengqamuzana elilodwa nezinto eziphilayo, lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa i-phagocytization yezinto ezifiselekayo noma ukushintshana kulo lonke ulwelwesi lweseli (ukuthuthwa kwamaseli). Ezidalweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, kwenzeka ngokudla.

Izinhlobo zezakhamzimba

Kunezigaba eziningi zezakhamzimba:

Ngokusho kokubaluleka kwayo. Izakhamzimba kubalulekile futhi okungabalulekile, okungukuthi, izakhi zomzimba eziyisihluthulelo sokugcina impilo futhi ezingeke zakhiwe emzimbeni, kanye nezakhi zokudla ezingaba nohlobo oluthile lokungena esikhundleni.
Ngokuya ngenani elidingekayo lokusetshenziswa kwakho. Nakhu esinakho mama-acronutrients- amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate namafutha, okumele adliwe nsuku zonke ngobuningi; futhi micronutrients, njengamaminerali namavithamini, okumele asetshenziswe ngemithamo emincane.
Ngokomsebenzi wayo. Kwenziwa umehluko phakathi kwezakhamzimba ezinamandla, ezihlinzeka ngama-calories wokusebenza kohlelo oluphilayo; plastic noma kwesakhiwo, okunikeza umzimba izinto ezidingekayo ukuze zikhule noma zilungise izicubu; nabalawuli, abavumela ukugcina i-homeostasis nokugcina umzimba kumazinga ayo afanele we-metabolism.
Ngokuya ngemvelaphi yayo. Izakhamzimba organic futhi wezinto ezingaphili, okungukuthi, izinto isisekelo sayo esiyikhabhoni njengesici esiyinhloko, nezinye okungezona.

Umehluko phakathi kwezakhamzimba nezakhi ezingaphili

Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezakhi uphathelene namakhemikhali awo: kuyilapho i- izakhamzimba eziphilayo aqukethe izinto ezenziwe nge-athomu kusuka kukhabhoni, i-hydrogen, i-oxygen nezinye izinto ezifanayo, i- izakhamzimba ezingaphili zivela kumaminerali nakwezinsimbi ze-metallic monatomic.

A) Yebo, izakhamzimba eziphilayo zifaka wonke ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, lipids, amafutha abalulekile, amavithamini kanye nama-amino acid abalulekile, kudingekile ukuqamba izinto ezintsha eziphilayo kanye nokondla izindlela ezinamandla ze-glucose oxidation.

Ngenkathi izakhamzimba ezingaphili cishe zingusawoti wamaminerali namanzi.

Izibonelo zezakhamzimba

Ama-fatty acids. Njengo-Omega-3 noma u-Omega-6, lawa ngamafutha anamafutha umzimba ongakwazi ukuwahlanganisa kodwa adinga ukwakheka komzimba okufanele koshukela nama-lipids. Zikhona ezinhlamvini ezithile zokusanhlamvu okuphelele, uwoyela wemifino, amantongomane athile, ezinhlanzini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-herring, i-bonito, i-tuna) kanye nokudla okuningi okunothiswe ngokungeyikho.
Ushukela. Njengo-sucrose (ushukela wetafula) noma i-fructose (ushukela wezithelo), amaningi ama-carbohydrate ayingxenye yezakhamzimba esizidla nsuku zonke. Lezi zinhlanganisela zenziwa nge-carbon, i-hydrogen ne-oxygen ikakhulu, futhi kanye emzimbeni ziguqulwa zibe yi-glucose (amandla asheshayo).
I-fiber yemifino. Njengalabo abakhona okusanhlamvu, imikhiqizo kakolweni, i-bran, imikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu nasezithelweni ezinjengobhanana nama-apula, kungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi esikudlayo futhi okusondla kakhulu ngodaba namandla.
Amaprotheni ezilwane. Leli igama elinikezwa labo elisuselwa ekudleni inyama yezilwane, noma ngabe yinyama ebomvu (inkomo, ingulube, ama-camelids) noma inyama emhlophe (inkukhu, inhlanzi). Ungomunye wemithombo egcwele kakhulu futhi esheshayo yamaprotheni nama-lipids womuntu, yize izikhathi eziningi ingameleli imodeli enempilo kakhulu yokudla (ikakhulukazi endabeni yenyama ebomvu).
Amavithamini. Amavithamini yizinto ezibalulekile ezidingwa ngumzimba ezinqubeni eziningi ze-homeostasis nokusebenza okujwayelekile, kepha angeke zikwazi ukuzihlanganisa ngokwazo. Ngakho-ke kufanele sibadle ngokudla. Kukhona uhlu olwahlukahlukene futhi olukhulu lwamavithamini, aqoqelwe kwizakhiwo ezahlukahlukene noma ngamaqembu (i-B complex, i-Vitamin C, njll.) Futhi atholakala emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yokudla, kusukela kwizithelo (ezisawolintshi zikavithamini C, isibonelo) kuya emaqanda.
Amafutha. Ngaphandle kokuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-lipids sekuyinkinga yezempilo ezikhathini zanamuhla, lezi ziyingxenye yomzimba njengezinqolobane zamandla (i-triglycerides kashukela iba ngamafutha), izisekelo zokwakheka (ukwesekwa kwezitho) noma ukuvikelwa (izingqimba zamapilisi vikela emakhazeni). Imithombo eningi kakhulu yamafutha ekudleni yizinyama zezilwane nokudla okuthosiwe noma amasoso anamafutha (njengemayonnaise).
Ama-amino acid abalulekile. Kanye namavithamini noma uwoyela onamafutha, kukhona ama-amino acid adingekayo emzimbeni okufanele siwathole ekudleni. Amaqanda, njengomthombo wamaprotheni ezilwane, abuye abe ngumhlinzeki omkhulu wama-amino acid abalulekile, okungelutho ngaphandle kwezitini zebhayoloji akhiwe ngazo. ama-enzyme, amaprotheni nezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.
Amaprotheni wemifino. Ama-legumes, okusanhlamvu, ubhontshisi kanye nezithelo eziningi kungumthombo omuhle kakhulu wamaprotheni wemifino, ezinye izindlela zokudla inyama kanye namafutha ayo agcwele ayingozi. Ngala maprotheni umzimba ungathola izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zezinto zesikhathi eside, ezinjengokwakha imisipha noma ukukhula.
Ama-carbohydrate. Umthombo wamandla osheshayo, i-oxidation yawo egcina umzimba uqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi yawo. Ama-carbohydrate (ikakhulukazi alula) anokufana ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ayasebenza ukukhanyisa umlilo kodwa angawugcini uvutha isikhathi eside. Imithombo ebalulekile ye-carbohydrate amazambane, irayisi, ummbila nokolweni okuphuma kukho.
Ama-antioxidants. Amavithamini amaningi, njenge-E, nezinye izinto ezifanayo eziphilayo, anomphumela wokulwa ne-antioxidant ogcina amaseli emonakalweni wesibambiso sokuphefumula futhi enweba impilo yakhe. Lezi zinto zokulwa ne-antioxidant zifunwa kakhulu kuma-dietetics angaleso sikhathi, njengoba zisivumela ukuthi sibhekane nama-radicals amahhala akhiqizwayo, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuphuza utshwala futhi anemiphumela engcolisayo.

Izibonelo zezakhamzimba ezingaphili

Amanzi. Njengoba elula njengaleyo, amanzi ayisakhi esingaphili esibalulekile empilweni, futhi yinkulu kakhulu isisombululo aziwa, okwenza amaphesenti aphezulu (ngaphezulu kwama-60%) emizimba yethu. Umuntu angaphila amasonto ngaphandle kokudla, kodwa izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kwamanzi okuphuza.
Sodium. Le nsimbi esebenza ngokweqile futhi egcwele emhlabeni empeleni yakha usawoti wethu ovamile (i-sodium chloride), futhi idlala indima ebalulekile emzimbeni i-homeostasis nokuthuthwa kwamaselula (ipompo ye-sodium-potassium) ukugcina izinga lomzimba le-alkalinity ne-asidi lizinze.
Potassium. Le ngenye kasawoti obalulekile womzimba, kanye ne-sodium ne-magnesium. Ngenye yama-electrolyte, okungukuthi, wezinto ezishintshanisa i- ama-neurotransmitters wesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi futhi esiza ukusebenza kwemisipha, kufaka phakathi ukusebenza kwenhliziyo. Umthombo owaziwayo we-potassium amabhanana (ubhanana), izithelo ezisawolintshi namagilebhisi.
I-calcium. Amaminerali abhekele ukuqina kwamathambo nezinga lawo lamandla, kanye nezinye izinqubo eziningi ze-metabolic, i-calcium kufanele idliwe ekudleni kwansuku zonke ngokudla okobisi noma imifino eluhlaza enamaqabunga aluhlaza, njengesipinashi noma isilimo esinengono emnandi edliwayo.
Iodine. Iodine iyinto egcwele olwandle nasezilwaneni esizikhipha olwandle. Eqinisweni, abantu abangenwe i-shellfish bavame ukungezwani ne-iodine, noma ngabe sonke siyayidinga ukuze isebenze kahle yegilo, indlala ye-endocrine enye ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Imithombo yemifino (kanye ne-allergenic engaphansi) ye-iodine iklabishi, ukholifulawa, amahlumela eBrussels.
Insimbi. Inhliziyo yomhlaba nengxenye enhle yoqweqwe lwawo yenziwa ngaleli mineral. Kithina, siyidinga ngemithamo emincane ukwakha i-hemoglobin ethwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo liye emzimbeni wakho, kanye nakwezinye izinhlanganisela ezibalulekile. Imithombo eyaziwayo yensimbi ekudleni yinyama, amaqanda, izithelo ezomisiwe, nezidumba ezomisiwe.
Fanisa. Ixhumene kakhulu ne-calcium, le element yakha cishe i-1% lesisindo somuntu, futhi iyingxenye yamathambo namazinyo abo, kanye ne-chemistry yobuchopho. Ukumuncwa kwawo kukhula lapho kukhona uvithamini C noma uvithamini A futhi kungangeniswa ngokudla izinhlanzi, izinkukhu nemikhiqizo yobisi, noma amantongomane.
Selenium. Amaminerali e-antioxidant, ahlanganisa i-vitamin E, efundwa kabanzi njengekhambi lokulwa nokuguga futhi njengendlela yokwelapha yokwandisa ukuzala kwabesilisa. Inyama nenhlanzi yimithombo yakho engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa.
AmaManganese. Amandla amaningi okuqonda nobuchopho abangelwa emaphethelweni alo ezimbiwa, njengememori, ubumnandi nemisebenzi engengaphansi kwengqondo, njengokukhiqizwa amahomoni ucansi, ukwenziwa kukavithamini E nokukhiqizwa koqwanga. Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi endaweni yonke yokudla, kepha ngokujwayelekile, imifino, inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi icebile kulesi sici.
Magnesium. Usawoti wamaminerali obaluleke kakhulu kubhalansi yomzimba we-electrolyte, kanye ne-sodium ne-potassium. Kuyadingeka ekuphenduleni okungaphezu kwama-300 kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni futhi kungatholakala kasawoti wasolwandle, kodwa futhi nasemathanjeni nakuma-energy dynamics.